Japan's Civil Registration Systems Before and After the Meiji Restoration

This essay traces the evolution of Japan's systems of household and land registration from Tokugawa times to the period of early Meiji reforms in the 1870s and 80s. The paper pays due attention to the distinction between an early modern system designed by state authority and local forms of　registration practice. Thus, in the section on the Tokugawa period, one such local practice of having people 'disowned' and its consequence,　registerlessness, will be examined. The section on the Meiji reforms turns to the issue of continuity and discontinuity, while the next section discusses if any progress in terms of civil identity registration was made by these Meiji reforms. In order to illustrate the actual changes that took place at the local level, the essay begins with an eighteenth-century story about a peasant woman and her disputes with the village officialdom and ends with a case of family dispute that another village woman brought before court some 120 years later.

Hiding cosmic strings in supergravity D-term inflation

The influence of higher-order terms in the K\"{a}hler potential of the supergravity D-term inflation model on the density perturbation is studied. We show that these terms can make the inflaton potential flatter, which lowers the energy scale of inflation under the COBE/WMAP normalization. As a result, the mass per unit length of cosmic strings, which are produced at the end of inflation, can be reduced to a harmless but detectable level without introducing a tiny Yukawa coupling. Our scenario can naturally be implemented in models with a low cut-off as in Type I or Type IIB orientifold models.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

DCASE 2019 Task 2: Multitask Learning, Semi-supervised Learning and Model Ensemble with Noisy Data for Audio Tagging

This paper describes our approach to the DCASE 2019 challenge Task 2: Audio tagging with noisy labels and minimal supervision. This task is a multi-label audio classification with 80 classes. The training data is composed of a small amount of reliably labeled data (curated data) and a larger amount of data with unreliable labels (noisy data). Additionally, there is a difference in data distribution between curated data and noisy data. To tackle this difficulty, we propose three strategies. The first is multitask learning using noisy data. The second is semi-supervised learning using noisy data and labels that are relabeled using trained models’ predictions. The third is an ensemble method that averages models trained with different time length. By using these methods, our solution was ranked in 3rd place on the public leaderboard (LB) with a label-weighted label-ranking average precision (lwlrap) score of 0.750 and ranked in 4th place on the private LB with a lwlrap score of 0.75787. The code of our solution is available at https://github.com/OsciiArt/Freesound-Audio-Tagging-2019.252

A method of constructing general contact tangential charts

summary:Let $F_{123}$ be a real functional of three real variables $t_1,t_2$ and $t_3$. We give a method of constructing the contact tangential chart of $F_{123}=0$ by the enveloping method. Given the parametric equations of $(t_1)$-and $(t_2)$-curves, we can obtain the parametric equation of $(t_3)$-curves, by classical differential-geometric method. Some examples are also given. A special case of the general contact tangential charts, consisting of one curvilinear scale and two families of envelopes is also studied. Finally, contact tangential charts of four variables or more are researched